ABSTRACT
Introduction: The recent pandemic outbreak Covid-19 has led to substantial illness and ultimate mortality across the globe and children are highly are in the verge of being in a critical role as vectors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. There are quite a few studies which have observed that the vaccinated individuals who become infected again are on the side fewer side to transmit the virus due to reduced viral load and the duration of virus shedding and as a result, transmission from vaccinated individual to household contacts is significantly lower. This systemic review was thus undertaken with the objective of analysing the literature that were available on the safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and if any adverse effects of covid vaccination in children.Material and Methods: We conducted both a systematic review. This review was solely based on the predefined protocol and it was conducted in concordance with PRISMA guidelines.Conclusion: The available data reports similar efficacy and safety in children as of adults. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to be conducted and published for evaluation of safety and if any long-term effects of Covid vaccines.
ABSTRACT
E-learning courses are gaining significance nowadays and are also an active area for research. COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the education system across the globe and many institutions have switched to online platforms for survival. Due to this, many online courses are available and it is difficult for a novice user to select a suitable course as per one's preference. Despite the great motivation for MOOC courses and the rapid growth of online platforms, there has been a tremendous dropout for MOOC courses. This paper focuses on analyzing user activities or learning behavior to recommend suitable courses according to user preference. One of the key issues is nowadays is the increasing dropout rate of MOOC learners. Sometimes the completion rate of online courses is less as compared to the number of enrolled participants. After creating and analyzing the user learners' profile, the recommender system recommends suitable courses to the learners so that dropout cases will decrease and the user will be able to choose appropriate courses as per their preferences. Sometimes under the social influence or lack of awareness, learners opt for those courses that are not appropriate for them. Each learner's knowledge level is diverse so, customization is required to improve the online learning experience. In this paper, the authors have described various challenges of online learners and also describes the various types of recommender systems. © The Electrochemical Society
ABSTRACT
The airborne transmission of the COVID-19 virus has been suggested as a major mode of transmission in recent studies. In this context, we studied the spatial transmission of COVID-19 vectors in an indoor setting representative of a typical office room. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to study the airborne dispersion of particles ejected due to different respiratory mechanisms, i.e., coughing, sneezing, normal talking, and loud talking. Number concentration profiles at a distance of 2 m in front of the emitter at the ventilation rates of 4, 6, and 8 air changes per hour (ACH) were estimated for different combinations of inlet-outlet positions and emitter-receptor configurations. Apart from respiratory events, viz., coughing and sneezing characterized by higher velocity and concentration of ejected particles, normal as well as loud talking was seen to be carrying particles to the receptor for some airflow patterns in the room. This study indicates that the â³rule of thumb based safe distance approachâ³ cannot be a general mitigation strategy for infection control. Under some scenarios, events with a lower release rate of droplets such as talking (i.e., asymptomatic transmission) can lead to a high concentration of particles persisting for long times. For better removal, the study suggests â³air curtainsâ³ as an appropriate approach, simultaneously highlighting the pitfalls in the â³higher ventilation rate for better removalâ³ strategy. The inferences for talking-induced particle transmissions are crucial considering that large populations of COVID-19-infected persons are projected to be asymptomatic transmitters.